CIS 4362/MAT 5932 - Introduction to Cryptology and Information Security
The course gives an introduction to standard techniques for analyzing and designing different types of cryptographic schemes. In particular, the following topics are to be addressed:
- Classical Cryptography (e.g., shift and substitution ciphers, linear feedback shift registers, one time pad)
- Block Ciphers (e.g., DES and AES, modes of operation for block ciphers)
- Public Key Cryptography (e.g., RSA, simple algorithms for factoring integers, generic algorithms for computing discrete logarithms)
- Other Cryptographic Tasks (e.g., digital signing, key establishment, zero-knowledge proofs)
Most of the course material will be taken from the book Cryptography. Theory and Practice (Douglas R. Stinson), Chapman & Hall/CRC. Personally, I use the 3rd edition of this book, which in the sequel is denoted by [Sti06]. However, using an older edition should not cause any relevant difficulties. More information on the course is available in the syllabus.
If you have comments or questions, please contact me
(see my homepage for email, phone number, etc.).
Topics discussed in class
- 08/25/08: symmetric versus asymmetric encryption; some classical examples (substitution cipher, Vigenère cipher)
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 1.1,]
- 08/27/08: one-time pad, Shamir three-pass protocol, Hill cipher
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 2.3, Ch. 1.1.5]
- 08/29/08: cryptanalysis of the Hill cipher, basic idea of a stream cipher, Linear Feedback Shift Registers
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 1.1.5, Ch. 1.1.7, Ch. 1.2.4]
- 09/03/08: Linear Feedback Shift Registers
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 1.25]
Those of you who are interested in the use of LFSRs in the context of cell phones, may like to take a look at the stream cipher A5/1 as used in GSM.
- 09/05/08: basic idea of a block cipher, Data Encryption Standard (DES) as an example of a Feistel cipher
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 3.5], FIPS PUB 46-3
- 09/08/08: modes of operation for block ciphers: ECB mode, CBC mode, OFB mode, CFB mode, counter mode
Literature: [St06, Ch. 3.7]
- 09/10/08: Diffie-Hellman key exchange
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 11.2]
- 09/12/08: ElGamal public key encryption; Homework 1 and the corresponding ciphertext is available
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 6.1]
- 09/15/08: ElGamal public key encryption in combination with a cryptographic hash function; deriving a cryptographic hash function from a block cipher
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 4.2, Ch. 6.1]
The specific construction we used in class to derive a hash function from a block cipher, made use of a compression function named after David-Meyer. If you are interested in alternative constructions, you may like to have a look at the respective Wikipedia article.
- 09/17/08: Shanks' Baby-Step Giant-Step algorithm for computing discrete logarithms
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 6.2.1]
Those of you who are interested in more information on sorting algorithms, may like to take a look at the respective Wikipedia article.
- 09/19/08: finding discrete logarithms with index calculus
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 6.2.4]
- 09/22/08: index calculus - an example in GF(p)
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 6.2.4]
- 09/24/08: basic properties of finite fields
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 6.4]
A few remarks on normal bases can be found in the respective Wikipedia article.
- 09/26/08: Pohlig-Hellman algorithm
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 6.2.3]
- 09/29/08: ElGamal signature scheme; Exam 1 is available
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 7.3]
- 10/01/08: ElGamal signature: an example; basic idea of RSA encryption
Literature: [Sti06, Ex. 7.1, Ch. 5.3]
- 10/03/08: simple attacks on textbook RSA
Literature: [Sti06, Exercises to Ch. 5]
- 10/06/08: signing with RSA, Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP)
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 7.1, Ch.7.2.1, Ch. 5.9.2]
- 10/08/08: Legendre and Jacobi symbols
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 5.4.1]
- 10/10/08: Solovay-Strassen algorithm; Homework 2 is available
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 5.4.2]
- 10/13/08: Pollard's p-1 algorithm for factoring
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 5.6.1]
- 10/15/08: Pollard's rho algorithm for factoring
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 5.6.2]
- 10/17/08: Dixon's random squares algorithm for factoring
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 5.6.3]
- 10/20/08: using the quadratic sieve for factoring
Literature: C. Pomerance: The Quadratic Sieve Factoring Algorithm
- 10/22/08: introduction to elliptic curves
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 6.5]
- 10/24/08: elliptic curves in cryptography
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 6.5], P. Zimmermann: The Elliptic Curve Method
- 10/27/08: using pairings in cryptography: an example
Literature: A. Joux: A One Round Protocol for Tripartite Diffie-Hellman
- 10/29/08: basic idea of provable security
Literature: D. Pointcheval: Provable Security for Public Key Schemes
- 10/31/08: basic idea of identity-based cryptography
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 12.5], D. Boneh and M. Franklin: Identity-Based Encryption from the Weil Pairing
- 11/03/08: discussion: authenticating with passwords; Homework 3 is available
- 11/05/08: unknown key-share attacks; MTI key agreement
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 11.3]
- 11/07/08: a password-authenticated 2-party key exchange protocol: SPEKE
Literature: M. Zhang: Analysis of the SPEKE Password-Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol
- 11/10/08: Secure Socket Layer
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 12.1]
- 11/12/08: key establishment with a server and symmetric cryptography
Literature: [Sti06, Ch. 10.5]
- 11/14/08: basic ideas of digital cash
Literature: B. Schneier: Applied Cryptography (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996, 2nd ed.), Ch. 6.4
- 11/17/08: basic idea of a side-channel attack
- 11/19/08: differential power analysis
Literature: P. Kocher et al.: Differential Power Analysis
- 11/21/08: timing attacks
Literature: P. Kocher: Timing Attacks on Implementations of Diffie-Hellman, RSA, DSS, and Other Systems
- 11/24/08: timing attacks
Literature:P. Kocher: Timing Attacks on Implementations of Diffie-Hellman, RSA, DSS, and Other Systems
- 11/26/08: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Literature: [Sti06,Ch. 3.6], FIPS 197
- 12/01-12/03/08: introduction to secret sharing
For questions or comments, please feel free to contact me anytime
(see my homepage for email, phone number, etc.).
Dec 11, 2008